International Indian Scientist Awards

Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information, spanning from theoretical disciplines like algorithms and the theory of computation to applied disciplines including hardware and software design. Its fundamental concern, as per computer scientist Peter Denning, is determining "what can be automated?". Key Areas of Study The broad field of computer science encompasses numerous specialized and interdisciplinary areas: Theoretical Computer Science: Focuses on the abstract and mathematical foundations of computing, including algorithms, data structures, computational complexity, and information theory. Computer Systems: Deals with the physical components and underlying infrastructure, such as computer architecture, operating systems, networks, and computer security. Software Engineering: A systematic approach to the design, development, testing, and maintenance of reliable and efficient software systems. Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learnin...

Have you ever noticed how your mind can’t stop replaying an ambiguous conversation or predicting a dozen outcomes to an unresolved situation when suspended in a state of uncertainty? Defaulting to this loop of overthinking is often our brain’s way of trying to control unpredictability. Our mind can sometimes be our fiercest ally, and other times, our toughest opponent. And though it can feel exhausting, the truth is that this mental overactivity has evolved to serve our survival instinct. When you’re stuck in an unclear situation, your brain tries to help you stay prepared, safe and alert, almost like an overzealous security guard who sees risk everywhere. When left unchecked, the same survival instinct can hijack your peace of mind. It can begin to micromanage your inner world, interrupting your sleep or questioning your decisions retroactively. However, a host of studies reveal that the tendency to overthink can actually serve an important psychological function, provided you know h...

Inducible AmpC β-lactamases are chromosomally encoded enzymes found in several Gram-negative bacteria that provide resistance to a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, most cephalosporins (including third-generation), and cephamycins (e.g., cefoxitin). Their expression is significantly increased (induced) in the presence of certain β-lactam antibiotics, which can lead to therapeutic failure. Key CharacteristicsChromosomal Location: The genes (known as ampC genes) are typically located on the bacterial chromosome. Inducible Expression: The enzyme is produced in high amounts only when the bacterium is exposed to specific inducing agents (e.g., cefoxitin, imipenem, or clavulanate). Resistance Spectrum: AmpC enzymes can hydrolyze penicillins, first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins, and cephamycins. They are, however, generally not inhibited by commercially available β-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. Lack of Inhibiti...

A new study in young adults has found that stimulating the brain with safe electric currents may help them solve mathematical problems more efficiently. Researchers, led by those at the University of Surrey, UK, found that applying safe, painless electric currents to the brain's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex -- which helps with learning, memory and focus -- improved mathematical problem-solving abilities in people aged 18 to 30. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is located on the outer surface of the frontal lobe, which is at the front of the head behind the forehead. "A growing body of research has shown that biological factors often explain educational outcomes in mathematics more powerfully than environmental ones," said Roi Cohen Kadosh, head of the University of Surrey's school of psychology and lead author of the study published in the journal PLOS Biology, said. The author pointed out that efforts to improve education have primarily focused on environmental ...

  A Study on Big Data Security: Role & Access Segregator Explained! #ScienceFather #BigDataSecurity Big Data Security has emerged as one of the most crucial aspects of modern information technology, safeguarding massive volumes of sensitive data generated every second. This study, “A Study on Big Data Security: Role & Access Segregator Explained!”, dives deep into how organizations can ensure secure handling, access control, and segregation of data in cloud and hybrid environments. The concept of “Access Segregator” focuses on controlling user permissions and reducing the risk of unauthorized access to critical datasets. With the exponential rise in data analytics and AI-driven systems, ensuring data confidentiality, integrity, and availability has become a top priority. This analysis also highlights challenges faced by industries in implementing robust data protection frameworks, explores the role of encryption, authentication, and monitoring tools, and explains how emerg...

Blending tradition and modernity Husain's art became a powerful visual language that celebrated India's rich cultural tapestry while incorporating influences from international movements like Cubism. Indian roots: Having grown up immersed in Indian culture, Husain drew inspiration from folklore, ancient epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, and traditional painting styles. Modern influences: His dynamic compositions and fragmented forms were heavily influenced by European modern masters, which he saw during his travels. Diverse subjects: His themes ranged from monumental depictions of Hindu mythology to portraits of everyday people, urban and rural life, and national figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. Signature style and recurring motifs Husain's style is immediately recognizable by its bold lines, vibrant colors, and narrative quality. He often worked on a large scale, originally informed by his early career painting cinema billboards in Mumbai. Horses: A f...